tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188137678751540132024-03-13T21:46:10.015-07:00Royal Civil EngineeringCivil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings.Prof. Kodali Srinivashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02452326743870517923noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-918813767875154013.post-36111371588166953332016-04-15T06:58:00.004-07:002020-11-07T23:41:33.811-08:00Role of Surveying in Planning and Construction of Amaravathi<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">
<div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">NATIONAL SURVEY DAY – 2016 </span></b></span></div></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The Vijayawada Local Center of the Institution of Engineers (India) organized National Survey Day – 2016 at its premises on Monday, the 11th April, 2016 at 18.30 hrs. Er. V Gopal, FIE invited the dignitaries on to the dais while Er.Butta Rajasekhar,MIE introduced the speaker Prof.Kodali Srinivas FIE, to the audience. </div></span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Dr. M Kamaraju, FIE, Chairman of the center presided over the meeting. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The speaker Prof. Kodali Srinivas, Professor of Civil Engineering Department, Kallam Harinatha Reddy Institute of Engineering & Technology, Guntur while delivering on the topic with Power Point Presentation said that the planning and design of all Civil Engineering projects such as construction of Towns, cites, highways, Water ways, bridges, tunnels, dams etc are based upon surveying measurements. </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6ot0NBGq9-v7OVEFMzvIrypLP7DRmzeVv5KGwiU880CMcXh-HrwYF6O0ibCyavBPOascNgMKz9r94C9wBCnq0l_D1MaCj10WKAlghKp4J5x7jr_ftveZEQpJxyenjm26i9mLajYmHDBQ7/w640-h426/DSC_7014.JPG" width="640" /></a> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Moreover, during execution, project of any magnitude is constructed along the lines and points established by surveying. Thus, surveying is a basic requirement for all Civil Engineering projects. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Here we have a lifetime opportunity to participate in planning and construction of new City Amaravati, the People's capital of Andhra Pradesh. It is envisioned to be a city of world-class standards with a vision of increasing Andhra Pradesh’s prominence in the world. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">It will be developed as smart, Blue-Green and sustainable city. The Capital has to provide cutting-edge infrastructure, comfortable livelihood and immense prosperity for the People of Andhra Pradesh and Amaravati. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">To achieve all the objectives in planning and construction of Amaravati, the surveying along with our traditional <b>vaasthu</b> have significance role. He extensively quoted so many examples of town planning principles from ancient Vasthu Test books. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">He advised A.P. State Govt. to follow a uniform <b>Vaasthu</b> principles throughout the planning and construction of Government offices as well as private buildings. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The planning should not be altered in future by the so called vaasthu advisers/ siddhanthi's for their will and wish. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">To make convenience to the people it is advisable to fix a permanent north point and Bench mark at every zone of the Amaravathi City. Alignment of roads and buildings are strictly based on this North Point. </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnI7rM5oELHCr6Mgu2Z8DZg_jkOq0gwArm9wqjaiqc4JrcomoaT-xo8KamNc28syYiwAl8u_yqLEKLJNsdn0HyNhpVu59wgyJdpXsjmKb7XgGfAcgu3Su7jHwleQsXR4zH23e74Znro6i3/w640-h360/11-4-2016%252C+ie+vijawada.jpg" width="640" /></a> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">At the end of seminar a memento was presented to the speaker Prof.Kodali by Prof. K Ravindra Rao FIE. and Vote of thanks was proposed by Er. G.V Srinivasulu,MIE, Hon. Secretary of local center. </div></span></div>
Prof. Kodali Srinivashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02452326743870517923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-918813767875154013.post-60967374158541532672013-10-24T02:34:00.000-07:002013-10-24T02:34:06.676-07:00 Bhakra Dam - 50 years of its glorious service of the Nation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>India Post released a stamp depicting the Bhakra Dam on 22nd October 2013 to celebrate 50 years of its glorious service of the Nation</b></span></span><br />
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwR_bzuZGP19E0iRjZMdlkQUMcBNG-432Ce1FneiXWHeDPjh8ZW1WO3iZIhj1EzaGXAiUd0O1jO4jZg8A54Sf_LaWHqKohQKmEaEQIJGQzYrrH7MYDM5kWiJd3LhnKNgVh3FYqI59nVWCQ/s1600/bhakra+dam+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #6699cc; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwR_bzuZGP19E0iRjZMdlkQUMcBNG-432Ce1FneiXWHeDPjh8ZW1WO3iZIhj1EzaGXAiUd0O1jO4jZg8A54Sf_LaWHqKohQKmEaEQIJGQzYrrH7MYDM5kWiJd3LhnKNgVh3FYqI59nVWCQ/s320/bhakra+dam+3.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Golden Jubilee of Bhakra Dam</b></span></td></tr>
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<b style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bhakra Dam</b><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">is a</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">concrete</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">gravity dam</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">across the</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sutlej River</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, and is in</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bilaspur</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">,</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Himachal Pradesh</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in northern</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">India</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The dam, located at Bhakra village in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh, is India's second tallest at 225.55 m (740 ft) high next to the 261m Tehri Dam . The length of the dam (measured from the road above it) is 518.25 m; it is 9.1 m broad. Its reservoir, known as the "Gobind Sagar", stores up to 9.34 billion cubic metres of water, is spread over an area of 168.35 km<sup style="line-height: 1em;">2</sup>. In terms of storage of water, it withholds the second largest reservoir in India, the first being Indira Sagar Dam in Madhya Pradesh with capacity of 12.22 billion cu m.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bhakra Dam was Described as '<b>New Temple of Resurgent India'</b> by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India. Nangal dam is another dam downstream of Bhakra dam. Sometimes both the dams together are called Bhakra-Nangal dam though they are two separate dams.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Earlier two Stamps were issued on Bhakra Dam by India Post.</span></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"> </span></div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb5Z9XWukhX_YVpqUxoTjKkGpKx5kdJvk0MyNHNrV2m5ytO7CI-AperpxZJqHsSoFH-ZQ8o9H8nzJlps3TrIckWATvov4fbvl2aWWRTeUwjWUOx1r-_Zkq8p-Moa-N8hv4_NI1mtXleOcZ/s1600/bacra+dam1.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #6699cc; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb5Z9XWukhX_YVpqUxoTjKkGpKx5kdJvk0MyNHNrV2m5ytO7CI-AperpxZJqHsSoFH-ZQ8o9H8nzJlps3TrIckWATvov4fbvl2aWWRTeUwjWUOx1r-_Zkq8p-Moa-N8hv4_NI1mtXleOcZ/s400/bacra+dam1.png" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>A Definitive stamp on Bhakra dam - 15-3-1967</b></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh87VgasHc9I6qevNcHFmGNCQWybCgjsl9UP6Uy3Ia_ZPepl_kBed0reu-8rC-BvudvZK-hL5Ig2pVW-aZqAY6nw3p_OqiJXw2RUAvF_2m-YWEZ17-4nzuSpZ2oV89qg7Nx4wfZpe2HNCwL/s1600/bacra+dam+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #6699cc; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh87VgasHc9I6qevNcHFmGNCQWybCgjsl9UP6Uy3Ia_ZPepl_kBed0reu-8rC-BvudvZK-hL5Ig2pVW-aZqAY6nw3p_OqiJXw2RUAvF_2m-YWEZ17-4nzuSpZ2oV89qg7Nx4wfZpe2HNCwL/s400/bacra+dam+2.png" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12px;"><b style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Silver Jubilee of Bhakra dam - 15-12-1988</b></td></tr>
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Prof. Kodali Srinivashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02452326743870517923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-918813767875154013.post-72663954471047598092011-08-06T23:49:00.000-07:002011-08-07T00:03:03.256-07:00Rashtrapati Bhavan - New Delhi<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, tahoma, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">India Post <i>Issued </i></span></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, tahoma, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">A set of Four stamps and a miniature sheet on Ratrapathi Bhavan</span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, tahoma, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Date of Issue : 05 Aug 2011 </span></b></span></div><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6FG5ejwVq0rmmr6NFhVrs6mLRVG89osAu6ykfYj4pTbgetCOo6orCA4dlrSR2xp6UAxfqHjmmwvBamS-DdQGjnhvVXyuDbDCcxnnl3iWvgVHzhzvHGploybl1sGuljXJPXN4vN-4-E9mI/s1600/ratrapathi+bhavan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6FG5ejwVq0rmmr6NFhVrs6mLRVG89osAu6ykfYj4pTbgetCOo6orCA4dlrSR2xp6UAxfqHjmmwvBamS-DdQGjnhvVXyuDbDCcxnnl3iWvgVHzhzvHGploybl1sGuljXJPXN4vN-4-E9mI/s320/ratrapathi+bhavan.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, tahoma, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Miniature sheet </span></b></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, tahoma, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #191919; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"></span></span><br />
<div align="justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>The Rashtrapati Bhavan or The Official Residence of the Head of the State is the official residence of the President of India, located at Raisina hill in New Delhi. Until 1950 it was known as "Viceroy's House" and served as the residence of the Viceroy and Governor-General of India.</b></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">The splendour of the Rashtrapati Bhavan is multi-dimensional. It is a vast mansion and its architecture is breathtaking. Its architect was </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Edwin Landseer Lutyens.</span></b></span></div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ffffcc; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span></b><br />
<div align="justify" style="font-size: 13px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">The decision to build a residence in New Delhi for the British Viceroy was taken after it was decided in the Delhi Durbar of 1911 that the capital of India would be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in the same year. </span></span></span></span></b></div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ffffcc; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span></b><br />
<div align="justify" style="font-size: 13px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">This vast mansion has got four floors and 340 rooms,with a floor area of 200, 000 square feet .The most prominent and distinguishing aspect of Rashtrapati Bhavan is its dome which is superimposed on its structure. It is visible from a distance and the most eye-catching round roof with a circular base in the heart of Delhi.</span></span></span></span></b></div><div align="justify" style="font-size: 13px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">The striking feature of the architecture of the Rashtrapati Bhavan is the use of Indian temple bells in its pillars. It is well known that the temple bells constitute part and parcel of our composite culture, particularly that of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain traditions. Blending these bells with the Hellenic style architecture is a fine example of the fusion of Indian and European designs. Such bells are conspicuous in their absence in the North Block, South Block and in Parliament House. It is interesting to note that the ideas to adopt such bells in the pillars of Rashtrapati Bhavan came from a Jain temple at Moodabidri in Karnataka.</span></span></span></span></b></div><div align="justify" style="font-size: 13px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">The Mughal Gardens situated at the back of the Rashtrapati Bhavan, incorporates both Mughal and English landscaping styles. It displays numerous types of flowers and is open to public in February every year.</span></span></span></span></b></div></div>Prof. Kodali Srinivashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02452326743870517923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-918813767875154013.post-27838247719070657992011-04-22T03:49:00.000-07:002011-04-22T03:49:41.841-07:0016 ways to celebrate Earth Day !!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj64wHTdEbNLIUc38Ur7ammMZPnr91u3v4jisJudWYdbAFciQifBRAbcg6q9TJsDIegkD1j-uVGyYVthc_-ypAmPI6qOrtdiftzcSaO2iOSJCgO7TCiJcoBcMvj2wE8c-kf-bKwBuJAM11O/s1600/earth-day1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj64wHTdEbNLIUc38Ur7ammMZPnr91u3v4jisJudWYdbAFciQifBRAbcg6q9TJsDIegkD1j-uVGyYVthc_-ypAmPI6qOrtdiftzcSaO2iOSJCgO7TCiJcoBcMvj2wE8c-kf-bKwBuJAM11O/s1600/earth-day1.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Big environment. Big issues. Little you. If you feel as if there's not much one person can do to make a positive impact on the environment ...</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Just take a look at these </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'Go Green'</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> stamps issued by U.S.Post. They illustrate simple things we each can do every day. With only a few small changes to the way we live.</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBzoQVKGHjwXOJqzp4a2gnc-ijxDfdZbWt9D80GWREiWRhGh1wkcPVjFLEfPleluG2HURc_qr8JWxcRXaiB-BBH9LHkVAhjEMBySoc1ovCeJXHtNZ37Z3tHv3hyphenhyphenP2RMY56k-pJ7zyNDRJI/s1600/usps_go_green_forever_stamps.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBzoQVKGHjwXOJqzp4a2gnc-ijxDfdZbWt9D80GWREiWRhGh1wkcPVjFLEfPleluG2HURc_qr8JWxcRXaiB-BBH9LHkVAhjEMBySoc1ovCeJXHtNZ37Z3tHv3hyphenhyphenP2RMY56k-pJ7zyNDRJI/s400/usps_go_green_forever_stamps.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Out of milk? Walk or bike to the store. Repair that drippy faucet—the noise was driving you crazy, anyway. </b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Switch to energy-efficient light bulbs. </b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Put on a sweater instead of turning up the thermostat. </b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Sun dry your sheets—they'll smell wonderful!</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Is it enough to make a difference? Absolutely. Recycling just one aluminum can reduces waste—and saves enough energy to run a computer for three hours. Multiply that by 10—or 200—cans. </b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Simple insulation like caulking or weather stripping pays for itself with reduced utility bills within one year. </b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Properly inflating your car tires improves gas mileage by as much as three percent. You're not just saving the environment, you're saving—period. Suddenly small steps seem pretty big.<br />
Best of all, once you've started thinking—and acting—green, you'll feel proud that you've been part of a big change. "Home" just got greener.</b></span></div></div>Prof. Kodali Srinivashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02452326743870517923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-918813767875154013.post-77807730239073409622010-10-30T03:24:00.001-07:002020-11-07T23:00:45.770-08:00The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium - Delhi<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;">The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Delhi, India, is a multipurpose sports arena hosting football and other sporting events, as well as large-scale entertainment events. It is named after the first Prime Minister of India.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6sbA9da6Lg4kFSdpvTmU-JrzgCo95yzN7wi82JmCGj7D3-uv3pbXvIuto-PaWuz7_mtNgwrqB2ML6xNs9B6cqlNHytpnF386z4BGP56l9D11WVmjtvqy1azYFkScOnGYK8zTON-bc_OKZ/s1600/Nehru_Stadi.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6sbA9da6Lg4kFSdpvTmU-JrzgCo95yzN7wi82JmCGj7D3-uv3pbXvIuto-PaWuz7_mtNgwrqB2ML6xNs9B6cqlNHytpnF386z4BGP56l9D11WVmjtvqy1azYFkScOnGYK8zTON-bc_OKZ/s400/Nehru_Stadi.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium was constructed by the Government of India to host the 9th Asian Games in 1982, following which it hosted the 1989 Asian Championships in Athletics and the2010 Commonwealth Games.</div></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsYwcBE7mI8EhBtbVAOR-ailPXlvLp-ijSn4WimIqDsuWtbdM9uh3pfCqx1f_N1Hq0VEakmFuFf3YRjKOJI-6zL2Lm82PwrR4fVU0FPP5WRMKq9MVWblnm2W6HRHEWv9GT8JvjMU1kLZzH/s1600/javaharlal-01-08-2010-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsYwcBE7mI8EhBtbVAOR-ailPXlvLp-ijSn4WimIqDsuWtbdM9uh3pfCqx1f_N1Hq0VEakmFuFf3YRjKOJI-6zL2Lm82PwrR4fVU0FPP5WRMKq9MVWblnm2W6HRHEWv9GT8JvjMU1kLZzH/s400/javaharlal-01-08-2010-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="color: #444444; text-align: justify;">In preparation for the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the stadium reduced its capacity from 78,000 to 60,000 spectators.The all-seater facility seats 60,000 spectators, and up to 100,000 for concerts. In terms of seating capacity, it is the third largest multipurpose stadium in India and the 51st largest in the world.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Renovation For 2010 Commonwealth Games :</span></b></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRJTBFvRchiUlZOfxGUqeTlLPE-M02qjOwVBQvoV2Q3vOpc4r2ycIt1t-k3oJflpJkOiT1tTOeplKuiPKo1F7mtERXghuMv5YGmXa6-oh79Vgm_lqh_fuOSlxDlK3SC16tBtDB9pJbdjmG/s1600/jn1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRJTBFvRchiUlZOfxGUqeTlLPE-M02qjOwVBQvoV2Q3vOpc4r2ycIt1t-k3oJflpJkOiT1tTOeplKuiPKo1F7mtERXghuMv5YGmXa6-oh79Vgm_lqh_fuOSlxDlK3SC16tBtDB9pJbdjmG/s400/jn1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" face="sans-serif"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibjTavGuqA-nihT8eznwej4wcjbO9k1U6633ou2S0AzTb88AdLUU4mEQsJIFcg57G2ix8z_2wtissuE4532d34peOfalW8BRQBYeQF1hSVoJQTEOUlh3Kbcon2bOkJVWIMqgB36lwK0yd0/s1600/jn4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibjTavGuqA-nihT8eznwej4wcjbO9k1U6633ou2S0AzTb88AdLUU4mEQsJIFcg57G2ix8z_2wtissuE4532d34peOfalW8BRQBYeQF1hSVoJQTEOUlh3Kbcon2bOkJVWIMqgB36lwK0yd0/s400/jn4.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: x-large; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium hosted the 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games Opening ceremony as well as the Closing ceremony.The stadium was given a new roof, improved seating, and other facilities to meet international standards as it hosts the athletic events and the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2010 Commonwealth Games.</div></span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The 53,800 m² Teflon-coated roof, designed by Schlaich Bergermann & Partner, was built at a cost of Rs. 308 crore. </div></span></li><li><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Taiyo Membrane Corporation supplied and installed the PTFE glass fibre fabric roof. </div></span></li><li><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">8,500 tonnes of steel were used in the construction of the stadium's roof and its support structure. </div></span></li><li><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">A new 10-lane synthetic track, synthetic warm-up track, and a synthetic lawn ball field were added. </div></span></li><li><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Two new venues were constructed next to the stadium for the Games: four synthetic greens for the lawn bowls event and a 2,500-seat gymnasium for the weightlifting event. A 400-metre warm-up track was also constructed. </div></span></li><li><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Nearly 4,000 labourers worked in double shifts to finish the stadium in time. </div></span></li><li><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">A 150m long tunnel was constructed for the opening and closing ceremonies. </div></span></li><li><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The support structure for the new roof is similar to London's Olympic Stadium, which is under construction. </div></span></li><li><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The design is similar to Foshan Stadium in China, built by the same designers. </div></span></li><li><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">24 condom machines were installed by the Ministry of Health. </div></span></li><li><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">In case of emergency, the construction allows spectators to evacuate within 6 minutes.</div></span></li></ul></div></span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</ul>Prof. Kodali Srinivashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02452326743870517923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-918813767875154013.post-70887685483922649922010-10-30T02:30:00.001-07:002020-11-07T22:53:36.502-08:00Vaastu – It's Relevance Today<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnlEp3vVY_DCZR9ZWvvGp-NC7QdX02v_GupXzzImpSqr9FM98JAmKgAAr4993I_k7raeaOpg4qgtGCL-uYPm4C6Fb8RksbiH1lLkffSL_9sYPJFEH2ixmqRNxv8MoONW4x5JYwAmxPix2Y/s1600-h/VishalBuddhaMandir.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" height="320" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5373430485904600562" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnlEp3vVY_DCZR9ZWvvGp-NC7QdX02v_GupXzzImpSqr9FM98JAmKgAAr4993I_k7raeaOpg4qgtGCL-uYPm4C6Fb8RksbiH1lLkffSL_9sYPJFEH2ixmqRNxv8MoONW4x5JYwAmxPix2Y/w291-h320/VishalBuddhaMandir.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 200px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 182px;" width="291" /></a><div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" face="'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Believe nothing, merely because you have been told it </span></i></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" face="'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">or because it is traditional or </span></i></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" face="'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">because you </span></i></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" face="'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">yourself have imagined it - </span></i></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" face="'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Buddha.</span></i></span></b></span></div></div><div><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;">In recent times there has been a sudden upsurge of interest in Vaastu. People are spending a lot of money and efforts in the name of Vaastu. Now it is a universal affair throughout the country. We must examine the relevance of traditional vaastu for present day structures.</span></div><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Vaastu is derived from the Sanskrit root “Vas” which means to dwell. Vaastu is hence a dwelling, the scope of which extends from a house to a house plot, a hamlet, a village, a town, a city etc.; it also represents the quality and strength of materials which are generally used in the construction of buildings.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Vaastu Shastra is basically a science of planning and construction of houses and other public buildings. It is developed by several ancient scholars and sages at various places in different times for orderly growth of settlements. The original principles have undergone several modifications to suit the needs of the society. Presently this modified Vaastu is adapting to all types of structures. These new inter pretations should be analysed carefully.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">It is well known that almost all the Sanskrit sutras have a double-edge meaning, the one which is obvious and the other hidden. Due to lack of proper understanding several misapprehensions have developed about Vaastu. For example grounds with gentle slope towards North or East or North-East corner were considered auspicious. This principle developed on the basis of topography of the land. Most of the rivers in our country flow towards East. Generally a place which is having sloped towards North or East or North-East corner is safe against floods. The slope of ground towards other directions are said to be inauspicious. However this principle is not applicable to all places. There is an exactly opposite principle also. According to Apasthambha the slope towards South, West or South-West corner is only auspicious. These two principles are quite contradictory. This it self is sufficient to prove the aim of Vaastu. Both Sutras are valid for their respective areas and should be given equal weight and importance. Also the texts of Vaastu mention that the ground slope in the directions other than prescribed will lead to Kula Nasanam (destruct of race / tribe or abode). This means the settlement will be inundated by floods. This rule does not apply to house plots. For the context of a house plot, the purpose of ground slope is to facilitate easy drainage of surface water. Sites with depression in the middle are to be avoided, because water is likely to stagnate in the depression.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">The ancient settlements generally centered a temple or other public building at the highest point with outward slope in all directions. According to Varahamihira’s Bruhat Samhitha, the high-born people can have their dwelling in ground sloping in any direction.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">This shows that there is no inauspiciousness at attributed to slope in any direction. But today most of vaastu pandits say that the ground slope is not towards the North or East or North-East corner, misfortunes and calamities will fall upon the occupant of the house, such as death, illness etc. This type of half knowledge of self-styled vaastu experts creates a psychological fear in the gullible public. The so called vaastu pandits make a mockery of knowledge by charging exorbitant fees for a certain ‘Set of Vaastu Principles’.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">True knowledge and the right application of Vaastu will give only comfort and convenience to the occupants.It is essential that the Vaastu principles and statements should be studied, understood and analysed properly. The relevant rules may be considered in the present day structures and used judiciously.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">The principles of Vaastu should be demystified and a new approach is to be made to the subject as an ancient art of building science and technology.</div></span></div>Prof. Kodali Srinivashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02452326743870517923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-918813767875154013.post-525162803553537592010-01-07T21:56:00.000-08:002010-01-09T21:03:00.318-08:00Burj Khalifa - Today's Tallest structure<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_gM4eyfXX9CrvDYD8GMvn7m6cSvgn_IYFsZTSM45SHe6oMblVymbS31fFynXOiD0RVol2pz1WNyzv0DDgFd31aIUSteZVSbnzCkqz_9OnONFqPEzxFHSaIvBfUqIQadrgNxunrzFusx6W/s1600-h/Burjdubaiaug92007.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 190px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_gM4eyfXX9CrvDYD8GMvn7m6cSvgn_IYFsZTSM45SHe6oMblVymbS31fFynXOiD0RVol2pz1WNyzv0DDgFd31aIUSteZVSbnzCkqz_9OnONFqPEzxFHSaIvBfUqIQadrgNxunrzFusx6W/s320/Burjdubaiaug92007.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5424247388526428802" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">Burj Khalifa</span></span> , <span style="font-size:130%;"><b style="font-weight: bold;">f<span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 51);">ormerly known as Burj Dubai</span></b><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 51);">, is a skyscraper in Dubai, </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 51);">U.A.E.</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 51);">, and is currently the tallest structure</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 51);"> ever built, at</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 51);font-size:130%;" > <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);font-size:180%;" >828 m</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 51);font-size:130%;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;font-size:180%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);font-size:180%;" >(2,717 ft).</span><br /></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 51);font-size:130%;" ><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Tower Construction began on 21 September 2004, with the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009. </span></span><br /></div><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 51);font-size:130%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">The building officially opened on <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">4 January 2010.</span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><br /></sup><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Current_records" style="font-size:180%;">Current records</span></h3> <ol style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Tallest skyscraper to top of spire:</span> 828 m (2,717 ft) - previously Taipei 101 – 509.2 m (1,671 ft)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Tallest structure ever built:</span> 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously </span> 646.38 m (2,121 ft)) Warsaw radio mast<br /></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Tallest extant structure:</span> 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously KVLY-TV mast – 628.8 m (2,063 ft))</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Tallest freestanding structure:</span> 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously CN Tower – 553.3 m (1,815 ft))</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Building with most floors:</span> 160 (previously – 108 floors in Willis Tower)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">World's highest elevator installation</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">World's fastest elevators at speed of 64 km/h (40 mph) or 18 m/s (59 ft/s)</span> (previously Taipei 101 – 16.83 m/s)</li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Highest vertical concrete pumping (for a building): 606 m (1,988 ft)</span> (previously Taipei 101 – 449.2 m (1,474 ft))</li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Highest vertical concrete pumping (for any construction): 606 m (1,988 ft)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">The first in history to include residential space</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Highest outdoor observation deck in the world (124th floor)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">World's highest mosque (located on the 154th floor)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">World's highest installation of an aluminium and glass façade, at a height of 512 m (1,680 ft)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">World's highest swimming pool (76th floor) <br /></span></li></ol>Prof. Kodali Srinivashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02452326743870517923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-918813767875154013.post-85397701054502310852009-12-02T02:10:00.000-08:002020-11-07T23:45:02.770-08:00Great Trigonometrical Survey<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCgB-mNqM0MTZACuUELk6hGvTol3z-56MsOLUiLqdzNFD5yWVknPSY5ZesIyBD6oDxod0XtJnI035uKbnkEHwceSLYM-KCg_rQ74NhpDlXXqNuArup7R2Y1rg4yamBAYWS8CZfArw186Yq/s1600-h/2207_Trig_Survey.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5410580803224258322" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCgB-mNqM0MTZACuUELk6hGvTol3z-56MsOLUiLqdzNFD5yWVknPSY5ZesIyBD6oDxod0XtJnI035uKbnkEHwceSLYM-KCg_rQ74NhpDlXXqNuArup7R2Y1rg4yamBAYWS8CZfArw186Yq/s200/2207_Trig_Survey.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 198px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 221px;" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0HKeNkVUN1BXmoGOrj_hJayxo5qoNHOkhEYgJIcj1qcRTs09rBHx3OmFv6kvavEr2UiJen9RNL7cI2slm4bRNuHmypYdUM3l3zT-8bMLQZh1Y7Fo3hJQ_VjEgRWB2l6q-5uitiEUTziXN/s1600-h/2209_Sikdar.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5410580356014993554" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0HKeNkVUN1BXmoGOrj_hJayxo5qoNHOkhEYgJIcj1qcRTs09rBHx3OmFv6kvavEr2UiJen9RNL7cI2slm4bRNuHmypYdUM3l3zT-8bMLQZh1Y7Fo3hJQ_VjEgRWB2l6q-5uitiEUTziXN/s200/2209_Sikdar.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 199px; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1bRS8ipAN3nUApVgih-AKH8H0UP1Mhgi67geE0L0UR5iJxTfqkik4oUwaWc2zvjbgFb1XMSlwjlNEj4r7zk3ZwEYSpquoYsWLWi5TQPLGIliMtk1QmLsmin0O18NkUNTlO4scfuzZrS5y/s1600-h/2208_Nain-Singh.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5410580240212431250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1bRS8ipAN3nUApVgih-AKH8H0UP1Mhgi67geE0L0UR5iJxTfqkik4oUwaWc2zvjbgFb1XMSlwjlNEj4r7zk3ZwEYSpquoYsWLWi5TQPLGIliMtk1QmLsmin0O18NkUNTlO4scfuzZrS5y/s200/2208_Nain-Singh.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 200px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 199px;" /></a>
</div>
<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrUB6ErHd1yUDRzAmY7jYKg_oylWaZCtBKIF-pP3Lhz5cxr567Ckmv-XMkGa6ngyesEIwAL_QwRQCZw8KMzSfVeJH0RjLZUE0qausA_EBtrF8jM1a_zc2caaCcjjqR2mrFOtb_oaIrOU1b/s1600-h/2210_MS_Trig_Survey.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"></a><div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrUB6ErHd1yUDRzAmY7jYKg_oylWaZCtBKIF-pP3Lhz5cxr567Ckmv-XMkGa6ngyesEIwAL_QwRQCZw8KMzSfVeJH0RjLZUE0qausA_EBtrF8jM1a_zc2caaCcjjqR2mrFOtb_oaIrOU1b/w640-h419/2210_MS_Trig_Survey.jpg" /><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Great Trigonometrical Survey </span></div><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The Department of Posts, India, launched a postal stamp on June 27, 2004, commemorating the establishment of the Great Trigonometrical Survey India on April 10, 1802. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The stamps feature Radhanath Sikdar and Nain Singh, two significant contributors to society. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Great Arc refers to the systematic exploration and recording of the entire topography of the Indian subcontinent which was spearheaded by the Great Trigonometrical Survey.<br /></div> </span></div>Prof. Kodali Srinivashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02452326743870517923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-918813767875154013.post-92103350824571370022009-12-02T01:39:00.000-08:002009-12-03T22:47:01.603-08:00Stamps on Bridges<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqQ9OX-ubsuH5hmhbAiKlG4P4s2l2wEmPE7aHd6eJQuQruu_Qd5i1vgppA27vAqmCgToWIoplPHPHwY9SSy2zBwxB2ZteZIEGXinSXz-Rq0M8t81PsQeyJglyDJwTSBhqITeKOJrRp6Siq/s1600-h/2421_MS_Bridges.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 306px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqQ9OX-ubsuH5hmhbAiKlG4P4s2l2wEmPE7aHd6eJQuQruu_Qd5i1vgppA27vAqmCgToWIoplPHPHwY9SSy2zBwxB2ZteZIEGXinSXz-Rq0M8t81PsQeyJglyDJwTSBhqITeKOJrRp6Siq/s400/2421_MS_Bridges.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5410589234656907426" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo96i8Ldvsv1lOiOTSVm2eVHETguT_MKxqdJ3KyOKkEhva_rODKRO0HU1nXfAU_ez89eMeimFr8XS2F0kV3SgwqXnecwCPgPcQybOhyphenhyphenhPao62geOBP0SKE1vuIdg92WMhFBkqEFUxW8nBV/s1600-h/2420_Bridges_Gandhi_Setu.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 149px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo96i8Ldvsv1lOiOTSVm2eVHETguT_MKxqdJ3KyOKkEhva_rODKRO0HU1nXfAU_ez89eMeimFr8XS2F0kV3SgwqXnecwCPgPcQybOhyphenhyphenhPao62geOBP0SKE1vuIdg92WMhFBkqEFUxW8nBV/s200/2420_Bridges_Gandhi_Setu.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5410574658856055762" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw57ndeoUgT3jKJIOedvqcTfn-IZhBm6bpM56VUe5zp6CjLVSTDRJ2e2YASs1KWRyYTFpx3UO2H1fVt-f2o_AN9vh3xAGlE9EXYd4ilWAamjh3POuqHzs33X6JYsXQ2ml93_R72-DuuYuZ/s1600-h/2419_Bridges_Howrah.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 149px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw57ndeoUgT3jKJIOedvqcTfn-IZhBm6bpM56VUe5zp6CjLVSTDRJ2e2YASs1KWRyYTFpx3UO2H1fVt-f2o_AN9vh3xAGlE9EXYd4ilWAamjh3POuqHzs33X6JYsXQ2ml93_R72-DuuYuZ/s200/2419_Bridges_Howrah.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5410574504653623058" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5CZjQ4tzCDJ2KnKcB0eSutZk4VymBtDJZ6KAC6NXiGZFKBI5sU5fCVBM1gDkxwZ9uF15R7NE9FF-wzC-yO6KtmXoUKT-NC26Cbs2cILKIr5VGmAF2GO7W126bvy9d4zZROpBcZX3oTKr3/s1600-h/2418_Bridges_Vidyasagar_Se.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5CZjQ4tzCDJ2KnKcB0eSutZk4VymBtDJZ6KAC6NXiGZFKBI5sU5fCVBM1gDkxwZ9uF15R7NE9FF-wzC-yO6KtmXoUKT-NC26Cbs2cILKIr5VGmAF2GO7W126bvy9d4zZROpBcZX3oTKr3/s200/2418_Bridges_Vidyasagar_Se.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5410574355225264834" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;font-size:180%;" ><span>LAND MARK BRIDGES OF INDIA</span></span><span style="font-size:180%;"><br /></span></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a style="font-weight: bold;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZqISPYQ9zbyEnTlCxLGxAPTp4oScZCxCBt-AEl075r6YRxCe7Jy8iAEtpqB_DLVEo7ooWD9cmXd8bQLP8zqW9jDeJcmXpdjMFeaNEGNkKAo9IzBW2SzlGTcszd8jpuNV3ZBOWVKrlXxQL/s1600-h/2417_Bridges_Pamban.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 199px; height: 149px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZqISPYQ9zbyEnTlCxLGxAPTp4oScZCxCBt-AEl075r6YRxCe7Jy8iAEtpqB_DLVEo7ooWD9cmXd8bQLP8zqW9jDeJcmXpdjMFeaNEGNkKAo9IzBW2SzlGTcszd8jpuNV3ZBOWVKrlXxQL/s200/2417_Bridges_Pamban.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5410574116316499858" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 0);font-size:130%;" > Date of Issue</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">:<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"> 17 August 2007</span></span></span></div><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"> <span style="font-size:180%;">1.Pamban Bridge</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><span style="font-size:180%;"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">2.Vidyasagar Setu</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><span style="font-size:180%;"> 3.Howrah Bridge</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><span style="font-size:180%;"> <span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);">4.Mahatma Gandhi Setu</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);"><br /></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><br /></p><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiosESqAWK8C4N-05X5uAdf7k0rSBQYzSNxFiwBwKCRgYsrwZc8vd3fyMQ3h8X-cqe7WWdpeJpDMJd9fMp01RzaCl6BRHDHB2FGeW5rfgCPlglX60ujy01zRlJSCazFqZ8lPAtqX66hDjvo/s1600-h/1241_Brahmaputra_Bridg.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 300px; height: 225px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiosESqAWK8C4N-05X5uAdf7k0rSBQYzSNxFiwBwKCRgYsrwZc8vd3fyMQ3h8X-cqe7WWdpeJpDMJd9fMp01RzaCl6BRHDHB2FGeW5rfgCPlglX60ujy01zRlJSCazFqZ8lPAtqX66hDjvo/s320/1241_Brahmaputra_Bridg.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5411266575367669986" border="0" /></a></p><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> <span style="font-size:130%;">Date of Issue : </span> </p> <p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 10px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> <span style="font-size:130%;">14 April 1987</span></p><p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 10px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></p><p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 10px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size:130%;">Occasion :</span></p><p style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 10px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> <span style="font-size:130%;">Inaugeration of Kalai Bhomora Bridge, Assam on River Brahmaputra</span></p><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></p><span style="font-size:130%;"><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-4.png" alt="" /></span><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><br /></p><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><br /></p><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><br /></p><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><br /></p><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><br /></p><p style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 51);"><br /></span></span></p></div>Prof. Kodali Srinivashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02452326743870517923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-918813767875154013.post-8769546448582605272009-11-23T02:14:00.000-08:002020-11-07T23:48:44.155-08:00Civil Engineering - Introduction<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvglja_ERm3YrDWYIOe_CRdlPsVxbiguF1II7yGKRMqJCiSITjDbZ_sVgr9qR3e1XTNGhtJvGoX3RJam-1hUMHT9ytcmJoapiSjrOBY94FJ90uJ9E30c_u8sOL4gkc4UFvsCNa7cN8Jw9q/s1600/civeng.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5407243241296897586" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvglja_ERm3YrDWYIOe_CRdlPsVxbiguF1II7yGKRMqJCiSITjDbZ_sVgr9qR3e1XTNGhtJvGoX3RJam-1hUMHT9ytcmJoapiSjrOBY94FJ90uJ9E30c_u8sOL4gkc4UFvsCNa7cN8Jw9q/s320/civeng.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 281px; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; width: 335px;" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;">Considered as one of the oldest engineering disciplines, Civil Engineering involves planning, designing and executing structural works. The profession deals with a wide variety of engineering tasks including designing, supervision and construction activities of public works like roads, bridges, tunnels, buildings, airports, dams, water works, sewage systems, ports etc. and offers a multitude of challenging career opportunities. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Careers </span></b></h3><div style="color: #444444; text-align: justify;">There is no one typical career path for civil engineers. Most engineering graduates start with jobs of low responsibility, and as they prove their competence, they are given more and more responsible tasks, but within each subfield of civil engineering, and even within different segments of the market within each branch, the details of a career path can vary. In some fields and firms, entry-level engineers are put to work primarily monitoring construction in the field, serving as the "eyes and ears" of more senior design engineers; while in other areas, entry-level engineers end up performing the more routine tasks of analysis or design and interpretation. More senior engineers can move into doing more complex analysis or design work, or management of more complex design projects, or management of other engineers, or into specialized consulting, including forensic engineering.</div><div style="color: #444444; text-align: justify;">A Civil engineer is responsible for planning and designing a project, constructing the project to the required scale, and maintenance of the product. A civil engineer requires not only a high standard of engineering knowledge but also supervisory and administrative skills. The planning part of their work involves site investigation, feasibility studies, creating solutions to complications that may occur and the actual designing of structures. They have to work with the guidelines of the local government authority and get plans approved by the relevant authority. They may prepare cost estimates and set construction schedules. Construction work involves dealing with clients, architects, government officials, contractors and the supervision of work according to standards. Their work also involves the maintenance and repair of the project. </div><div style="color: #444444; text-align: justify;">On most projects, civil engineers work in teams or in coordination with many other engineers. They can find work as a supervisor of a construction site or a managerial position or in design, research as well as teaching in government services or private concerns.They can also work as independent consultants. </div><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">The major specialisations within civil engineering </span></b></h3> <div style="color: #444444; text-align: justify;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="color: #444444; text-align: justify;">Building Technology and Construction Management</div></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="color: #444444; text-align: justify;">Environmental and Water Resources Engineering</div></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="color: #444444; text-align: justify;">Geotechnical Engineering</div></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="color: #444444; text-align: justify;">Structural Engineering</div></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="color: #444444; text-align: justify;">Transportation Engineering </div></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="color: #444444; text-align: justify;">Water resources</div></span></li></ul></div></span><div align="justify" style="color: #000099; font-weight: bold;"> </div>
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</p>Prof. Kodali Srinivashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02452326743870517923noreply@blogger.com